Reinhold Messner (German pronunciation: ; born 17 September 1944) is an Italian mountaineer, adventurer, explorer, and author from the autonomous German-speaking Italian province of South Tyrol.
He made the first and so far the only solo ascent of Mount Everest, the first ascent of Everest without supplemental oxygen, along with Peter Habeler, and was the first climber to ascend all fourteen peaks over 8,000 metres (26,000 ft) above sea level. He was also the first person to cross Antarctica and Greenland with neither snowmobiles nor dog sleds. Furthermore he crossed the Gobi Desert alone. Messner also published more than 80 books about his experiences as a climber and explorer.
Born in Brixen (Bressanone) in the mainly German-speaking Italian autonomous province South Tyrol, Messner is an Italian citizen whose mother tongue is German. He is also fluent in Italian and English. He grew up in Villnöß and spent his early years climbing in the Alps and fell in love with the Dolomites. His father, Josef Messner, was a teacher. He was also very strict and sometimes severe with Reinhold. Josef led Reinhold to his first summit at the age of five. Reinhold had eight brothers and one sister; he later climbed with his brother Günther and made Arctic crossings with his brother Hubert.