Anna Pavlovna Pavlova (English: /ˈpævləvə, pɑːvˈloʊvə, pæv-/ PAV-lə-və, pahv-LOH-və, pav-, Russian: Анна Павловна Павлова ), born Anna Matveyevna Pavlova (Russian: Анна Матвеевна Павлова ; February 12 [O.S. January 31] 1881 – January 23, 1931), was a Russian prima ballerina of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. She was a principal artist of the Imperial Russian Ballet and the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev. Pavlova is most recognized for her creation of the role of The Dying Swan and, with her own company, became the first ballerina to tour around the world, including South America, India and Australia.
Anna Matveyevna Pavlova was born in the Preobrazhensky Regiment hospital, Saint Petersburg where her father Matvey Pavlovich Pavlov served. Some sources say that her parents married just before her birth, others — years later. Her mother Lyubov Feodorovna Pavlova came from peasants and worked as a laundress at the house of a Russian-Jewish banker Lazar Polyakov for some time. When Anna rose to fame, Polyakov's son Vladimir claimed that she was an illegitimate daughter of his father; others speculated that Matvey Pavlov himself supposedly came from Crimean Karaites (there is even a monument built in one of Yevpatoria's kenesas dedicated to Pavlova), yet both legends find no historical proof. Anna Matveyevna changed her patronymic to Pavlovna when she started performing on stage.